Category Archives: Physics

Added Molecule, Protein/RNA/DNA Crystallography and Brain/Mind panes

I decided to integrate some chemistry/biology/CompSci panes to the math/physics of the VisibLie_E8 tool. This uses some great demonstrations that begin to address (but are by no means complete regarding) the connections between algebra/geometry/math/physics to chemistry/biology/CompSci and even consciousness connection of the mind/brain/neurons-axons (e.g. the Penrose/Hameroff Orchestrated Objective Reduction (OrchOR) of quantum microtubules.

The list of 18 panes is now:
1) Math:____ Chaos/Fibr/Fractal/Surface: Navier Stokes/Hopf/MandelBulb/Klein
2) Math:____ Number Theory:_________ Mod 2-9 Pascal and Sierpinski Triangle
3) Math:____ Geometric Calculus:______ Octonion Fano Plane-Cubic Visualize
4) Math:____ Group Theory:__________ Dynkin Diagram Algebra Create
5) Math:____ Representation Theory:___ E8 Lie Algebra Subgroups Visualize
6) Physics:__ Quantum Elements:______ Fundamental Quantum Element Select
7) Physics:__ Particle Theory:_________ CKM(q)-PMNS(ν) Mix CPT Unitarity
8) Physics:__ Hadronic Elements:______ Composite Quark-Gluon Select Decays
9) Physics:__ Relativistic Cosmology:___ N-Body Bohmian GR-QM Simulation
10) Chemistry: Atomic Elements:_______ 4D Periodic Table Element Select
11) Chemistry:Molecular Crystallography: 4D Molecule Visualization Select
12) Biology:_ Genetic Crystallography:___ 4D Protein/DNA/RNA E8-H4 Folding
13) Biology:_ Human Neurology:________ OrchOR Quantum Consciousness
14) Psychology:Music Theory & Cognition: Chords, Lambdoma, H4, and Tori
15) Sociology: Theological Number Theory: Ancient Sacred Text Gematria
16) CompSci: Quantum Computing:______ Poincare-Bloch Sphere /Qubit Fourier
17) CompSci: Artificial Intelligence:_______ nD Conway’s Game Of Life
18) CompSci: Human/Machine Interfaces:_ nD Human Machine Interface

This demonstration combines five original demonstrations by the author (#1-5 Fano, Pascal, Dynkin, E8, and Particle and an OpenCL based N-Body Universal history simulation #8). It combines and integrates many other author’s Wolfram demonstrations with significant original value added to each. All of these are in some way related to fundamental mathematical symmetries. Most are also theoretically related to and integrated with an  extended Standard Model (SM) originated by A.G. Lisi and modified by the author. It visualizes, among other things, the math and physics of “An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything“ as well as myToE as a basis for understanding the relationships between the fundamental constants, (C)harge, (T)ime, and space or spin (P)arity.

The resulting combination of 18 panes brings the user from the mathematical abstractions of geometry and algebra, through particle and nuclear physics, adds a universal history simulation engine, including quantum mechanics and general relativity of cosmological N-body gravitation and Big Bang physics, and goes on to visualize the chemistry of the atoms, molecules, and proteins, as well as speculation about the quantum brain-mind connection of neurons/axons as it relates to Orchestrated Objective Reductions (OrchOR).

The #1 pane (Chaos) is taken largely from several great Wolfram Demonstrations of  Zeleny’s Five Mode Truncation Of The Navier-Stokes Equations, A Collection Of Chaotic Attractors and Hennegan’s Rotating The Hopf Fibration. It now includes 2D and 3D visualizations of these equations. It also adds an OpenCL based visualization of 3D and 4D Fractals (e.g. the Menger Sponge and MandelBulb) and surfaces (e.g. the Boy surface, a rose and others from Paul Nylander, more from Zeleny, and Hanson’s 6D Calabi-Yau in String Theory).

Navier-Stokes is not only useful in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and weather prediction, these visualizations are useful in understanding alternate theories of Quantum Gravity’s space-time structure. These OpenCL codes are only available with the Mathematica Source for this module (available by request). For those w/o OpenCL capability, I’ve integrated and extended Yu-Sung Chang‘s excellent interactive surface visualizations from ContoursOfAlgebraicSurfaces.

The #2 pane (Pascal) for visualizing the Pascal and Sierpinski triangles, along with the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers.  In addition to allowing the change in size of the triangle, it highlights the binomial functions and allows the changing the modulus of the numbers used. The number backgrounds are colorized in the selected gradient. This pane was created with ideas from  Peter S.Williams’ Mod 9 Pascal Triangle Physics http://naturalnumber.com/

The #3 pane (Fano) for visualizing the octonions, the Fano plane and its cubic. It also allows the manipulation of the 480 different permutations of the octonion basis (calculated from converted C source code from Donald Chesley of Davidson Laboratories, Stevens Institute of Technology). These are shown to be integrated 2:1 with the 240 vertices of E8 and its subgroups. Selection of the split octonion via triad number is a recently added feature. This demonstration also combines and extends Wolfram demonstrations from Ed Pegg Jr. and Oleksandr Pavlik. It also includes the generation of sedenions from the octonions by application of the Cayley-Dickson doubling procedure. As in the animated Fano Cube, the sedenion display includes the generation of an animated Fano Tesseract mnemonic visualization which steps through highlighting the vertices/edges of the 34 sedenion triads.

The #4 pane (Dynkin) allows for the creation of Dynkin diagrams and their corresponding Cartan matrices which generate Lie Algebras. This second pane drives the vertex content in the third pane. There is now a checkbox for showing the detail root vector data and Hasse visualizations instead of the interactive Dynkin pane, which is built from SuperLie 2.07 by P. Grozman.

The #5 pane (E8) provides 2D and 3D visualizations of E8 Lie Algebra and it’s split real even sub group vertices. Each of these vertices are each assigned to fundamental physics particles.

In the #6 pane (Particle), the vertices as fundamental physics particles are individually selectable by their quantum parameters. It is an interactive E8 linked demonstration similar to the idea behind the first pane of S.M. Blinder’s “Combining Quarks Into Hadrons”.

The #7 pane (CKM) is an improved form of Balázs Meszéna’s demonstration on Neutrino Oscillations which presents the Unitarity of CP=T violations by combining the  Lepton (Neutrino) Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix (PMNS) with the Quark Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) mixing matrix calculations through the Quark–Lepton Complementarity (QLC) . The plots show the probability of finding a 1 GeV particle in the different flavors as a function of the distance between the source and the detector. It also demonstrates the hierarchy of the particle masses and the flavor coefficients in each eigenstate.

The #8 pane (Hadron) is modified from Hadron demonstrations from both Blinder and  Zeleny,which allows the visualization of the composite Quark particles and their decays. These demonstrations are extended here by allowing the selection of 2 Quark Mesons, 3 Quark Baryons and recently discovered 4 and 6 Quark Hadrons. This also drives the E8 sub group projection pane. The author has also added a query to show all experimentally discovered composite Meson/Baryon particles with the same quark content from the ParticleData Group curated data set (with decay modes shown with a button click).

The #9 pane (N-Body) General Relativity (GR) / N-Body gravitational Universal history simulations in 15 epochs across 60 orders of magnitude space, time, mass(energy/temperature) scales. Due to the compute intensive nature of gravitational simulation, this uses the Mathematica support for multi-core GPU / CUDA High Performance Computing (HPC) Open Computing Language (OpenCL) with example NBody.cl code combined with Richard Hennegan’s  NBody.cl code from this post.  Some simulations are incomplete.

I’ve added visualizations in the first "Big Bang" epoch from Klaus von Bloh’s  DeBroglie-Bohm deterministic QM demonstrations, specifically the 2D particle-wave duality of the 2-slit experiment and 3D version of trajectories of a particle-in-a-box.

The second epoch (pre-inflation) shows QM Big Bang Inflationary Cosmology (using the physics of the Compton Effect from me, as well as those of Enrique Zeleny, and S. M. Blinder).

There are 9 more QM related epoch simulations related to fundamental particle interactions related to inflation(2), quark-gluon, electro-weak, meson, baryon, lepton, nucleon, photon-atoms.

There are 3 GR related epochs related to black hole centric quasar and galaxy formation, and the emergence of the Large Scale Structure (LSS) of the Universe.

For the last "Recombination" epoch, I’ve created a Solar system simulation which uses the AstronomicalData curated data sets to set the mass, radius and beginning positions of the Solar System objects in the simulation and combines demonstrations from Cedric Voisin, Jeff Bryant , Enrique Zeleny, and Andrew Moylan.

The #10 pane (Atom) uses Wolfram’s curated ElementData and builds off of Enrique Zeleny’s Alternative Periodic Table Wolfram Demonstration and creates a 2D/3D/4D (with s-p-d-f colors) Stowe-Janet-Scerri version of the Periodic Table. This replaces my older enhanced Theodore Gray’s “Properties of the Elements” demonstration (as well as options for showing the ShrToE_Demonstration_1.gifdinger the spherical harmonic electron probability visualizations of Michael Trott and Steven Wolfram and Satya Mohapatra for each element). It has a clickable pane on the periodic table which adds the particles who’s ordered E8 algebra root is that atomic element number.It creates a clickable pane on the periodic table which adds the particles who’s ordered E8 algebra root is that atomic element number.

The #11 pane (Molecule) continues the journey up the chain of complexity to visualize the crystalographic symmetries of multiple atoms. It is an integration of molecule graph demonstrations from Jaime Rangel-Mondragon, as well as from Guenther Galler’s Molecular Point Groups and Orbitals, and Bianca Eifert’s Displaying Multiple Bonds. It also uses Wolfram’s curated ChemicalData.

The #12 pane (DNA) begins to address the quantum biological (non)crystalographic symmetries of living organism’s protein, RNA, and DNA triple tetrahelix (Boerdijk-Coxeter) structures. It visualizes Mark White’s  “G – Ball, a New Icon for Codon Symmetry and the Genetic Code”. It currently integrates demonstrations of Paul-Jean Letourneau the “Protein Alignment Wheel” and Luca Zammataro’s  “Analyzing The Crystallography Of The SH2 Domain And Its Residue Contact Map”, which uses the Protein Data Bank and Wolfram’s curated ProteinData as well as a bit of the Humane Genome Data set.

The #13 pane (OrchOR) will address highly speculative ideas about the neurology of the brain-mind connection through quantum consciousness. Specifically, the  “Orchestrated Objective Reduction” of qubits in microtubules from Roger Penrose and Stuart Hameroff. It is currently an integration of demonstrations that use the  Protein Data Bank and Wolfram’s curated ProteinData to compute the probability of brain neuron connections, as well as present Pedro Faria’s “Hodgkin-Huxley Equations For Transmission Of Electrical Impulses” between neurons and axons.

The #14 pane (Chords) will address the psychology of the mathematical beauty of music. The 2D pane presents Emmanuel Amiot and Fernand Brunschwig’s  Pythagorean Meantone And Equal Temperament Musical Scales using pure frequency audio generation and Luca Zammataro’s Music from the Game of Life with full MIDI instrument selections for sound. The 3D pane shows Drew Lesso’s 3D Lambdoma matrix.

The #15 pane (Gematria) will address sociology in the form of theological number theory and the study of the ancient sacred texts. It includes Old Testament (OT) Hebrew and Koine Greek (OT/NT), as well as the Sanskrit Rig Veda, Chinese I-Ching, and (eventually) the  Persian Avestan Avesta. The word histogram shows the distribution of words used in the sacred texts according to their gematria value. It also presents a clickable 3D graph of proper names related within verses, as well as a clickable “nearest word” graph. Each word in each book, chapter, verse are selectable by slider or clickable (as are the list of words with the same color coded gematria values). This combination of UI creates a powerful new way to navigate the texts. It makes use of Wolfram’s curated LanguageData/DictionaryLookup to get a Nearest Word Graph in Hebrew and English. Note: Hebrew and Sanskrit is properly presented from right to left. I’ve also added a mathematically perfect Sri Yantra in 2D/3D. In addition, in the Chinese language selection the 8 I-Ching trigrams are shown in relationship to the 64 concepts behind the hexagrams and how it relates to Clifford Algebra’s (modified from Simon Tyler’s Trigrams And Real Clifford Algebras.

The #16 pane (QC) will address Quantum Computing in the context of MyToE. It uses several demonstrations… Qubits On The Poincare-Bloch Sphere,  Quantum Logic Gates Roots Exponents And Eigensystems and Quantum Fourier Transform Circuit by Rudolf Muradian

The #17 pane (AI) will address Artificial Intelligence, an nD version of Conway’s “Game of Life” and Cellular Automata in the context of MyToE. It is an integration of Daniel de Souza Carvalho’s demonstration

The #18 pane (HMI) extends the Human Machine Interface (HMI) for the third pane. It has a tongue-in-cheek label referring to the user as a biological human life form. This UI provides for manipulation of all of the variables used to create beautiful E8 projections/animations.

E8, H4, Quasi-Crystals, Penrose Tiling, Boerdijk-Coxeter Helices and an AMS blog post on the topic

This pic is an overlay of an image from Greg Egan on the AMS blog VisualInsight on top of one I created several years ago for the quasicrystal wikipedia page.

It uses my E8-H4 folding matrix to project E8 vertices to several interesting objects. The 5 dimensional 5-cube (Penteract) and the related 3D the Rhombic-Triacontahedron, as well as this 2D overlay on the Ho-Mg-Zn electron diffraction pattern.

Ho-Mg-Zn_E8-5Cube-baez-egan-overlay

E8 vertices projected to 2D pentagonal projection
E8-5Cube

5-cube in 3D
5-cube-2

6-cube edges projected to the Rhombic-Triacontahedron using 3 of 4 rows of my E8-H4 folding matrix.
6Cube-QuasiCrystal-low

Rhombic-Triacontahedron with inner edges removed
RhombicTricontahedron

The Boerdijk-Coxeter helix is also related to these structures through the Golden Ratio.

Edges on the outer ring of the E8 Petrie projection related to Boerdijk-Coxeter helix.
helix2Db

Same as above in 3D with the tetrahedral cell faces and 3D vertex shape-color-size based on quantum particle parameters from a theoretical physics model.
cells6004b

Same as above also showing the inner E8 ring Boerdijk-Coxeter helix.
inner-outerP
Platonic solids
E8-3D-Platonic-2

Analyzing individual Fermi 4 particle "cell interactions" in 3D on Boerdijk–Coxeter helix rings

cell-interaction

inner-outerP

The Boerdijk–Coxeter helix is a 4D helix (of 3D tetrahedral cells) that makes up the vertices on 4 of the concentric rings of E8 Petrie projection (or the H4 and H4φ rings of the 2 600 cells in E8).

Outer (Ring 4) of H4 in 2D with non-physics vertices of all 8 rings of E8 in the background

helix2Db

Outer (Ring 4) of H4 in 3D with physics vertices

cells6004b

Ring 3 of H4 in 3D with physics vertices

cells6003b

Ring 2 of H4 in 3D with physics vertices

cells6002b

Inner (Ring 1) of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001a

Combined 4 rings of H4 in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001234-small

Outer (Ring 4) of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices
cells6004phib

Ring 3 of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6003phib

Ring 2 of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6002phib

Inner (Ring 1) of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001phib

Combined 4 rings of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001234phi-small

Combined 8 rings in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001234-phi-small

Boerdijk–Coxeter helix

The Boerdijk–Coxeter helix is a 4D helix (of 3D tetrahedral cells) that makes up the vertices on 4 of the concentric rings of E8 Petrie projection (or the H4 and H4φ rings of the 2 600 cells in E8).

Outer (Ring 4) of H4 in 2D with non-physics vertices of all 8 rings of E8 in the background

helix2Db

inner-outerP

Outer (Ring 4) of H4 in 3D with physics vertices

cells6004b

Ring 3 of H4 in 3D with physics vertices

cells6003b

Ring 2 of H4 in 3D with physics vertices

cells6002b

Inner (Ring 1) of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001a

Combined 4 rings of H4 in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001234-small

Outer (Ring 4) of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices
cells6004phib

Ring 3 of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6003phib

Ring 2 of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6002phib

Inner (Ring 1) of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001phib

Combined 4 rings of H4φ in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001234phi-small

Combined 8 rings in 3D with physics vertices

cells6001234-phi-small

The Grand Antiprism

This Grand antiprism was created by projection of 100 of 120 600 cell vertices and 500 edges {488 of 1/2 (3-Sqrt[5]) and 12 of 2/(3+Sqrt[5])}. One face of this 3D projection contains the VanOss Petrie 30-gon projection. The removed vertices are from the inner rings of the 16-cell and their corresponding 4 Pi/5 rotations in the snub 24-cell.

The other two faces are shown, one of which is seen in the 2D orthonormal projection of H4.

GrandAntiPrism-3DOrtho-30
GrandAntiPrism-3DOrtho-30b

GrandAntiPrism-3DOrtho-30a

GrandAntiPrism-2DOrtho-30a

GrandAntiPrism-2DOrtho-30b

GrandAntiPrism-2DOrtho-30c

E8's 10 24-cells (H4 and H4φ) made up from 10 8-cell Tesseracts and their dual 16-cell 4-Orthoplexes

I decided to visualize my decomposition of the 10 self-dual 24-cells of E8. These are shown in the Petrie projection of E8 that is split into H4 and H4φ using my E8 to H4 folding matrix. The interesting aspect of this is that the selection of the canonical H4 24-cell determines the other 4 24-cells that make up the 96 vertices of the H4 snub-24-cell by rotating 4 times by π/5. Scaling the vertices by φ on the Petrie projection give the other 5 24-cell+snub-24-cell vertices.

It is also interesting to note that (my modified) Lisi physics particle assignments (with particle/anti-particle pairing) create 30 nicely ordered 4-particle/anti-particle sets that (fairly consistently) distribute over type, spin, generation, and color. These are visualized in 3D with shape, size and color defined by the quantum numbers of the assigned particle. The 3D projection is the same as that of the Petrie with a 3rd Z vector added. For more detail, see my latest paper.

The last set of images (using only the “math version” round black vertices and numeric identifier from the position in the Pascal triangle/Clifford Algebra canonical lexicographic ordering) are the 2D rotations of 24-cells around face-3 of this projection (which turns out to be the orthonormal shape of the H4 600 cells).

snub-pics

out_H4Φ_4_80

out_H4Φ_0_80

out_H4_4_80

out_H4_0_80

out_H4Φ_2_160

out_H4Φ_0_160

out_H4_2_160

out_H4_0_160

out_H4Φ_0_240

out_H4_0_240

out_H4Φ_4_240

out_H4Φ_1_240

out_H4Φ_0_240

out_H4Φ_2_160

out_H4Φ_0_160

out_H4_4_160

out_H4Φ_4_80

out_H4Φ_3_80

out_H4Φ_0_80

D6 projected to 3D using the E8 to H4 Folding Matrix

This blogs.ams.org/visualinsight article is an American Mathematical Society post based on some of my work. I’ve made an animation of the D6 polytope with 60 vertices and 480 edges of 6D length Sqrt(2). It is similar to the one in the article by Greg Egan. This version was made from my VisibLie E8 demonstration software.

Best viewed in HD mode.

The process for making this using the .nb version of VisibLie E8 ToE demonstration:
1) Side menu selections:

  • slide “inches” to 4 (lowers the px resolution)
  • select “3D”
  • set bckGrnd “b” (black)
  • uncheck the shwAxes box
  • check the physics box (to give it interesting vertex shapes/colors)
  • change the fileExt to “.avi” and check the fileOut box (to save the .avi)
  • check the artPrint box (to give it cylinder-like edges)

 

2) Go to the #9) HMI nD Human Interface pane:
2a) Top menu selections:

  • set pScale to .08 (to increase the vertex shape sizes)

2b) Inside the pane selections:

  • set “eRadius” to .01 (for thicker edge lines)

 

3) Go to the #2) Dynkin pane and interactively create (or select from the drop down menu) the D6 diagram.
BTW – this actually selects the subset of vertices from the E8 polytope that are in D6.
 

4) Go to the #3) E8 Lie Algebra pane:
4a) Top menu selections:

  • E8->H4 projection
  • check the edges box
  • “spin” animation
  • 30 animation “steps”

or simply upload this file or copy / paste the following into a file with extension of “.m” and select it from the “input file” button on the #9 HMI nD Human Interface pane.

(* This is an auto generated list from e8Flyer.nb *)
new :={
artPrint=True;
inches=4;
physics=True;
p3D=” 3D”;
bckGrnd=GrayLevel[0];
fileExt=”.avi”;
shwAxes=False;
scale=0.08;
selPrj=”E8->H4″;
lie=”D6″;
cylR=0.01;
showEdges=True;
steps=30;
pthRot=”Spin”;
selPrj=”E8->H4″;
p3D=” 3D”;
};new;

In the next version I will just make this another “MetaFavorite”, so it will be in the dropdown menu in all versions.
Enjoy!
D6-3Da

Revised VisibLie_E8 viewers released for both Mathematica 9.01 and 10.02 ! Free (web interactive & stand-alone .CDF) and Licensed (.nb)

This version has bug fixes, enhanced performance by using faster memory localization, parallel CPU, OpenCL GPU, and/or compiled processing for functions that are compute intensive.

I also put the default comet path metadata for “CometC2007K5Lovejoy” in the Recombination (Solar System) epoch of the NBody pane.

This version has a more extensive 2D/3D fractal collection as well, enjoy!

If anyone is interested, I also have versions deployed on the Wolfram Cloud, so you can interact via your Android or iPhone. If you’re interested in these or full source code for working with SuperLie and LieArt packages – just ask.

BTW – I try to do reasonable regression testing on all these versions, but if you are using my stuff (and/or find a bug), please give me a shout at: JGMoxness@TheoryOfEverything.org